About airspace

About Airspace

Highways in the sky

The invisible infrastructure

The UK’s airspace is among the busiest and most complex in the world, handling over 2.4 million flights annually — around a quarter of Europe’s traffic. NATS designs and manages the high-level route network, ensuring safe and efficient journeys for all aircraft flying to, from, or through UK airspace. From air traffic controllers in towers and control centres, to our airspace planners and safety experts, we work around the clock to keep the skies safe and efficient.

Keeping the skies safe

Managing the UK’s invisible infrastructure

Our control centres

UK air traffic is managed from two main control centres: Swanwick in Hampshire, near the south coast of England, and Prestwick in Ayrshire, to the west of Scotland. From these control centres, our air traffic controllers oversee aircraft as they fly through high-level en route airspace and on the approach and departure phases of flight to different airports across the nation.

Swanwick controls the southern half of UK airspace, including the busy skies over London and the Southeast. Prestwick handles the airspace from just north of Birmingham, covering Manchester – the UK’s third busiest airport – Scottish airspace, and transatlantic traffic entering or leaving UK airspace.

In addition to these centres, NATS also operates control towers at major UK airports. They are responsible for ground movements, take-offs and landings.

Beacons vs satellites

Much of the UK’s airspace still relies on structures designed in the mid-twentieth century, when aircraft navigated by flying from one ground-based radio beacon to the next. These fixed, zig-zagging routes were shaped by the limitations of the technology of the time – not by what was most efficient.

The effect of this bygone era is still seen today in our flight routes, which are still more circuitous than they need to be, making journeys longer and using more fuel.

Now, things are changing. Thanks to advances in both aircraft navigation systems and air traffic control technology, aircraft can use satellite-based navigation to fly more direct and efficient routes. This means faster journeys, better use of airspace, and reduced emissions per flight.

NATS is working to upgrade UK airspace to take full advantage of these technologies –replacing legacy procedures with a modern, flexible system designed for today’s traffic and tomorrow’s growth.

Our partners

We work with companies from across the aviation industry. This includes regulators, government and longstanding aviation bodies, as well as new technology companies and start-ups.  

We enable flight throughout the UK – partnership is crucial to that.

How we work with government

NATS En Route Limited (NERL) is the part of NATS responsible for managing UK en route air traffic control – the name given to commercial aviation traffic as it travels between its departure and arrival points.

NERL operates under a licence granted by the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and works closely with the UK Government to manage UK airspace.

NATS is a public-private organisation. Its NERL division is regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), which oversees performance and charges to ensure NERL serves the public interest. This partnership helps NATS balance operational excellence with government policies and national priorities, including safety, environmental goals, and economic growth.

Together, NATS and the government shape the future of UK airspace to meet the demands of a growing and evolving aviation sector.

When will airspace modernisation happen?

The strategy is being delivered in phases, with some key milestones already delivered. Changes already live include upgrades to airspace in the southwest, Scotland, and to Luton arrivals. 

Other change projects, including UKADS, are in progress across the UK.

Interactive airspace map

LIVE 

Much like motorways on the ground, airspace has ‘airways’ which aircraft travel along en route to their destination. This route structure ensures that aircraft maintain safe separation from other airspace users and other obstacles.

Our air traffic controllers provide critical information to pilots travelling along these routes to keep flights running smoothly and safely.

Explore our airspace map to view live flight data from across the globe. Click on a marker to see where each flight started and where it’s headed or toggle the filters on the control panel to take a deeper look at UK airspace.

Did you know Even some buildings need clearance! Before the Shard was built, aviation authorities had to give it the all-clear. At 310 metres tall and in busy London airspace, it required approval from the CAA and NATS to ensure it didn’t interfere with flight paths or radar – hence the aircraft warning lights at the top.

Explore the airspace

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